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Today, one of the most important challenges of the present and the future, especially in the arid regions of the world, is the issue of water shortage and in some cases the water crisis. In our country, Iran, due to climatic characteristics, lack of proper management of water consumption may have led to serious short-term and long-term restrictions on water resources. This will directly jeopardize the food security, economic, agricultural and even the political and security dimensions of the country. Given that agriculture is one of the major consumers of water, proper management of water consumption in this sector is essential to achieve sustainable development. Given the limited water resources in the production of agricultural products in the country and the need to improve water productivity in the production of horticultural products on the one hand and the economic importance of plum production in the country on the other hand, reveals the need to study management indicators such as the volume of irrigation water, yield and productivity of irrigation water in plum production in the country. Therefore, the volume of applied water and plum yield in more than 180 selected orchards in the production poles of this product in the country (West Azarbaijan, Fars, Tehran, Khorasan Razavi, Hamedan, Alborz, Qazvin and Golestan provinces) were measured directly during a cropping year 2020-2021. The results showed that the differences in yield, volume of irrigation water and applied water, and water productivity indices in the mentioned provinces were very significant. The volume of plum irrigation water in the studied areas varied from 4064 to 10619 (m3/ha) and its average was 7823 (m3/ha). The volume of applied water (irrigation + effective rainfall) of plums in the studied provinces varied from 5560 to 10941 (m3/ha) and its average was 8250 (m3/ha). Regarding plum yield index in the studied provinces, the average yield varied from 11539 to 19213 (kg/ha) and its average was 15021.8 (kg/ha). The average irrigation water productivity in selected provinces ranged from 1.10 (kg/m3) in West Azerbaijan to 3.68 (kg/m3)in Golestan province and its average weight was 2.27 (kg/m3). Regarding the productivity index of applied water, the lowest productivity (1.07 kg/m3) belonged to West Azerbaijan province and the highest amount (2.87 kg/m3) belonged to Hamadan province, and the average was 2.07 (kg/m3).
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