|
|
:
|
Peoples’ participation in watershed development projects, in addition to reducing administrative costs, can lead to more successful and effective implementation of executive projects. Numerous factors can cause non-participation of people in watershed management projects. The purpose of this study is to identify, classify and prioritize them in selected watersheds of zanjan province, including the four basins of Qezel Tapeh, Kinehvars, Alaroud and Ich from the perspective of experts. Expert and watershed dwellers. For this purpose, first, these factors were identified and classified based on reviewing resources, asking experts, as well as referring to the area and face-to-face interviews with residents and users. In the next step, the pairwise and Likert comparison questionnaires were prepared as a measurement tool and the validity of the questionnaires was confirmed based on the opinions of experts. Finally, after determining the sample size by Cochran's formula and completing the questionnaires, using the fuzzy hierarchical analysis process and Friedman test, indicators and sub-indices affecting the lack of sustainable public participation in watershed management projects in the basins under study were prioritized.
The results showed that from the perspective of experts, economic, design-executive, educational-extension and social indicators, respectively, have the greatest role in non-participation of people in watershed management projects. In Qezel Tapeh basins, economic, and social indicators are important, respectively, and in kinehvars basin, educational-extension and design-executive indicators are important. But in Alaroud basin, economic and design-executive indicators are important, respectively. In Ich basin, social and design-executive are important, respectively. In general, from the perspective of experts and local communities, economic and design-executive indicators have the most and educational-extension and social indicators have the least role in people's non-participation in watershed management projects.
The importance of sub-indicators is also disputed from the perspective of two groups of experts and local communities. From the experts' point of view, the sub-index "ignoring people's income as a direct economic incentive" has the highest relative priority and the sub-index "non-attention to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in watershed planning" has the lowest relative priority in Non-participation of people in watershed management projects are the studied basins, while: In Qezel Tapeh Basin, although from the perspective of local communities, the sub-indicators of "ignoring people's income as a direct economic incentive" are the most important in non-participation, but " Lack of training of basin residents in relevant plans and projects" is the least important in Lack of people's participation. In the kinehvars Basin, from the perspective of local communities, the sub-indicators of Low level of literacy and awareness and " Concentrate decision-making power at the center " have the highest and lowest importance in non-participation of the people, respectively. From the perspective of local communities, Alaroud Basin, the sub-indicators of " Late return of watershed management projects " and "ethnic and local differences" of the basin have the highest and lowest importance in non-participation of people, respectively. Ich Basin, from the perspective of local communities, the sub-indicators of " mistrust about the benefits of projects " and " Lack of attention to non-governmental organizations (NGOs) in watershed management plans " are the most important and the least important, respectively. They are in the absence of the people.
In general, the reason for the difference in sub-indicators, from the perspective of two groups of experts and local communities, should be sought in unemployment and livelihood problems of local people. From the point of view of employment experts, in such short-term projects, a maximum of a few months is only a temporary housing for the pain of employment of local people, but local people also consider this low and short-term income as employment. The overal conclusion is that factors such as stakeholder consultation, decentralization of decision-making from the headquarters, NGOs activities and training of local communities along with the considering the benefits of stakeholders, and multi-purpose projects can provide the basis for local peoples’ trust and will result in participation of people in the watershed development projects.
|