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" بررسی عامل/عوامل موثر در پدیده خشکیدگی و زوال بلــوط بوسیله راه‌کارهـای نوین مولکولی "
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18873870
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| شماره مدرک
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۶۱۱۷۱
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| نام عام مواد
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[گزارش نهایی -ویژه]
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| شناسه افزوده
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کوثری، مژگان
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| عنوان اصلي
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بررسی عامل/عوامل موثر در پدیده خشکیدگی و زوال بلــوط بوسیله راه‌کارهـای نوین مولکولی
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| عنوان اصلي به زبان ديگر
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:Investigation about effective agent/agents in Oak decline by new molecular methods
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| صفحه شمار
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۳۳۴ ص.:مصور(عکس‌رنگی)، جدول، نمودار
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| وضعیت انتشار
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کرج: پژوهشکده بیوتکنولوژی کشاورزی، ۱۴۰۰
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| فروست
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شماره ثبت ۶۱۱۷۱ مورخ ۱۴۰۰/۱۲/۰۳۶۱۱۷۱
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شماره طرح ۹۳۵۲-۰۵-۰۵-۰۱
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شماره نامه: سامانه سمپات
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این طرح تجاری است
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| خلاصه یا چکیده
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ناحیه رویشی زاگرس با مساحتی حدود ۲/۵ میلیون هکتاریکی از مهمترین مناطق جنگلی ایران محسوب میشود. در فلور گیاهان چوبی زاگرس مهمترین گونه ها به لحاظ وسعت و قدمت، گونه هاي بلوط )Quercus sp.( میباشند. جنگلهاي استان ایلام جزء حوزه رویشی زاگرس محسوب میشوند وگونه غالب جنگلهاي این ناحیه را بلوط ایرانیQ. branti) حدود ۹۰% تشکیل میدهد .زوال و خشکسالی درختان بلوط در سراسر جهان در سالیان اخیر مورد توجه بسیاري از محققین قرار گرفته بود.در چند سال گذشته، گزارشهایی از زوال درختان بلوط در ایران به ثبت رسیده بود.عوامل مختلفی اعم از زنده و غیر زنده، در بروز پدیده زوال بلوط نقش دارند.قارچها از مهمترین بیمارگرهاي گیاهی هستند که میتوانند به عنوان یکی از عوامل مؤثر در زوال بلوط مورد بررسی قرار گیرند.در سالهاي۱۳۹۳و ۱۳۹۴ به منظور جداسازي قارچهاي همراه با درختان بلوط با علائم زوال، نمونه‌برداري از اندامهاي مختلف گیاه و خاك اطراف ریشه، از مناطق مختلف استان ایلام، انجام پذیرفت. در کل،۳۱۲ جدایه قارچی شامل۱۸۳ جدایه از اندام هاي هوایی،۵۰ جدایه از ریشه و ۷۹ جدایه از خاك به دست آمد. شناسایی گونه ها بر اساس خصوصیات ریخت‌شناختی و مولکولی با استفاده از نواحی ITS1-5.8S-ITS2وLSU از DNA ریبوزومی هسته‌اي، و بخسی از نواحی ژنی Actin و TEF1-αصورت گرفت....
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Zagros vegetation (an area of 2.5 million hectares) is one of the most important forest regions in Iran. The main treespecies presented in this area are oak species (Quercus sp.) as antiquities and vastness. Forests of Ilam province arelocated in the southern of Zagros Mountain. The main tree species in these forests is Persian oak (Quercus brantii).In recent years, the decline of oak have been attracted attentions of many researchers all over the world. During thelast few years, several reports of oak’s decline has been recorded from Iran. Both biotic and abiotic agents areresponsible for oak’s decline. Among biotic agents, fungi are important causal agents causing oak’s decline. Inorder to isolate fungal species, which are associated with oak’s decline, sampling from various parts of trees as wellas rhizosphere at different regions of Ilam province was conducted during 2014 and 2015. In total, 312 individualfungal species were obtained that183, 50 and 79 ones were isolated from aerial parts, roots, and rhizosphere,respectively. Species identification were performed based on morphological and molecular characteristic (ITSregions of ribosomal DNA, LSU region of ribosomal DNA, Actin, and TEF1-α(. Finally, thirty four species,including: Acremonium alternatum, Alternaria atra, A. infectoria, A. consortialis, A. molorum, Bipolarisprieskaensis, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Chaetomium globosum, Curvularia spicifera, Cytospora ribis,Didymella glomerata, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. solani, F. tricinctum,Trichocladium griseum, Immersidiscosia eucalypti, Kalmusia variispora, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, Mortierellaalpine, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Neosetophoma samarorum, Obolarina persica , Paecilomyces Formosa,Petriella sordida, Pleospora halimoines, Sordaria fimicola, Seimatosporium pezizoides, Trichoderma harzianum,T. longibrachiatum, Trichothecium roseum, Truncatella angustata, were identified. Taxa, including Deniquelatasp., I. eucalypti, N. samarorum, P. sordida, P. halimione, and Seimatosporium pezizoides are the first report forMycobiota of Iran. Pathogenicity test of B. mediterranea, D. glomerata, I. eucalypti, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum,O. persica, S. pezizoides, and T. angustata were applied on Persian oak seedling in greenhouse conditions that D.glomerata, I. eucalypt, N. dimidiatum, S. pezizoides, T. angustata are the first pathogens proven on oak for theworld.The oak decline is known as one of the most destructive complex diseases and economic losses around theworld, especially in Iran. Profuse stem bleeding and larval galleries of the native buprestid, Agrilus hastulifercharacterize the disease. The main objective of the present study was to investigate the possible role of bacteria ascausative agents of oak decline in the Zagros forests of Iran. This work reports the result of isolations fromhealthy trees and diseased tissue in affected trees, at eight sites in Iran. Culturable bacterial communities wereidentified using the 16S rDNA sequencing. A significantly higher proportion of symptomatic tissue pieces fromdiseased trees (Disease Index=5) yielded bacterial growth than other disease indexes (83.78%). Significantlyhigher yields were also obtained from bulk and rhizosphere compared with the root, leaf, and stem. Overall,bacterial communities’ compositions varied at each site, but significant similarities were evident in diseasedtissues at all sites. Enterobacteriaceae were dominated in diseased trees whereas Bacilluceae and Moraxellaceaewere remarkable more abundant in healthy trees. Significant associations occurred between diseased tissues andcertain bacterial species, implying that the cause of tissue necrosis was not due to random microbiota. Brenneriagoodwinii, Serratia marecescence, and Dickeya chrysanthemi were key species consistently isolated from diseasedtissue; Campylobacter jejuni and an un-named Clostridium taxon were also frequently isolated from both healthyand diseased trees. It was concluded that there was a shift in the cultivatable bacterial microbiome of diseasedtrees, with Enterobacteriaceae strongly represented in symptomatic but not healthy tissues. No single dominatedspecies was isolated from diseased tissues, so tissue degradation in oak likely have a polymicrobial cause. Fourpotential pathogenic isolates were prepared from diseased tissues. Three isolates identified as Gram-positive, theisolates were identified as Bacillus pumillus and one isolate as nonsporulating Gram-negative, the isolates wereidentified as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, based on morphological and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis.Pathogenicity studies of different B. pumilus and S. maltophilia isolates revealed that they have a potential tocause the disease in oak seedlings and symptoms of disorder in Persian oak trees....
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