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Food security is a measure of the availability of food and individuals' ability to access it economically and physically, all the time. According to the global food security map, reported in 2008, Iran is located among high risk countries in case of food security. By the way, role of plant breeding for successful development of crop plants, and increasing of food security indices in different societies is cruicial. There are several major challecnes including water consumption profile and water-use efficiency in crop plants production, in one hand, and increasing country’s population which resulted in high demand of water consumption in non-agriculture sector, this could decrease agriculture sector’s of total water consuprtion. This could heavily affect crop production in nationwide. Therefore, this study was carried-out to identify/ improve high-yielding crop varieties with improved water-use efficiency. The main objectives of this national projects were to prepare a strategic research plan on food security through: 1) Utilization of genetic resources of crop plants with evaluation of their potential under water stress and scarcity, 2) Improvement of genetic background of crop plants for major challenges including water stress and scarcity, 3) Development of field practices of the plant with special focuse on perennial crop plants, and 4) Development of modern practices of the field management. We detemined major challenges, SWOT analysis for main crop plants such as wheat, barely, rice, corn, etc for preparing research plans.Key words: Crop plants, Biotic and abiotic stresses, Double-haploids, Synthetic varieties, Perennial crop plants
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