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" پاسخهای فیزیولوژیک نخل خرما رقم استعمران به ریزگردها "
| نوع مدرک
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پایان نامه فارسی
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| زبان مدرک
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فارسی
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| شماره رکورد
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18873463
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| شماره مدرک
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۸۰-۵۹۱۱
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| سرشناسه
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تراهی ، ، عزیز
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| عنوان
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پاسخهای فیزیولوژیک نخل خرما رقم استعمران به ریزگردها [پایان نامه]
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| دانشگاه/دانشکده
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: دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
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| سال تحصیل
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۱۳۹۶
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| مقطع تحصیلی
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دکترا
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| رشته تحصیلی
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فیزیولوژی و اصلاح درختان میوه
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| صفحه شمار
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۱۴۳ص
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| چکيده
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Date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is one of the most important fruit trees and horticulturalcrop in warm and dry areas of southern regions of Iran. In recent years the phenomenon ofglobal warming and climate changes exacerbated extreme environmental phenomena suchas occurrence of dust storms and has affected various crops including date palm. But so farno complete study has been done to determine the effects of dust on date palmphysiological characteristics and pollination and fruit set. Dust and rain, and their combinedtreatments and their implementation orders have different effects on date palm. For this purpose,this study has been conducted during 2015-2016 to study the effects of combined treatments of dustand rain on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, respiration, pollination process and fruit set ofdate palm cv. Sayer at the grove and at the lab simulated environment in Khuzestan province. Inthis research, leafstomata characters and their distribution has been studied. Dust sample analysisshowed that heavy metals are more frequently in the normal range. The results showed that the dustsample contained 18.64 ppm lead (normal range in the soil is 100 ppm), 0.95 ppm cadmium (itscritical concentration in the soil is 1.5 to 2.5), less than 0.04 ppm mercury (1 ppm concentration inthe soil is tolerable), 1.7 ppm Tin (acceptable range in the soil is less than 200 ppm) and 5.78 ppmArsenic (its normal value in the soil is 5 ppm). Dust sample electrical conductivity (EC) was 152dSm-1 and its pH was 8.8. In this study the smallest particle diameter of dust observed around thestomata was 156 nm (close to the nanoparticles size). This particle diameter was smaller than thestomata opening and observed around the stomata and in the stomata opening. The results of thisresearch showed that dust is able to form an insulating layer on the flowers, stigma and leaves thatat the pollination time prevents the pollens from reaching the stigma surface and in case of rain, canrestrict the pollens germination by formation a dust saline solution with electrical conductivity of152 dSm-1. Based on results maximum fruit set belongs to the pollination treatment with 66.11percent fruit set and the lowest fruit set was in relation to the no-pollination treatment with 0.5percent fruit set. At the Pollination + Rain treatment, rain washed a lot of pollen grains from thestigma surfaces, but some pollens stuck among papilla cells of stigma surface causing 52.87% fruitset. At the Rain + Pollination treatment, it seems that a water layer covered the stigma surface andfilling the spaces among the papilla cells, prevented the pollens from direct contact with the stigmasurface more than Pollination + Rain treatment lead to 46.5% fruit set. In the combined treatmentsthat include dust, fruit set reduction was higher. In the combined treatments that only includes dustand pollination (Dust + Pollination and Pollination + Dust), dust particles caused a sharp decline inthe fruit set percentage in comparison to pollination treatment. This reduction in fruit set in Dust +Pollination treatment was due to deposition of dust on the flowers and stigma surfaces before pollengrains landing, that worked as an insulating layer and prevented direct contact of pollens to thestigma surface and declined fruit set to 26.89 percent. In combined treatments that in addition topollination included rain and dust, treatments implementation order had significant effects on theireffect severity on fruit set reduction, compared to pollination control. In the combined treatmentsthat rain implemented after dusting (Pollination + Dust + Rain with 42.53% fruit set, Dust +Pollination + Rain with 38.17% fruit set and Dust + Rain + Pollination with 43.25% fruit set) theirfruit set stayed in the fourth, fifth and sixth levels after pollination treatment, respectively. In thesetreatments fruit set reduction was because of a dust saline solution on the flower and stigma surfaceand prevention of pollens germination. In Pollination + Dust + Rain treatment due to the possibilityof capturing of some pollen grains between papilla cells before dusting and rain, fruit set percentagewas proportionally more. But in the combined treatments that rain is implemented before dusting(Rain + Pollination + Dust with 30.4% fruit set, Pollination + Rain + Dust with 23.9% fruit set andrain + dust + pollination with 14.65% fruit set), in addition to formation of dust solution on the
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| توصیفگر
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نخل خرما
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ریزگرد
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گرده افشانی
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فتوسنتز
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تنفس
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| شناسه افزوده
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ارزانی ، کاظم
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| شناسه افزوده
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دانشگاه تربیت مدرس
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| عنوان ديگر
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Physiological responses of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) cv. Sayer to dust
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