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Zagros vegetation (an area of 2.5 million hectares) is one of the most important forest regions in Iran. The main tree species presented in this area are oak species (Quercus sp.) as antiquities and vastness. Forests of Ilam province are located in the southern of Zagros Mountain. The main tree species in these forests is Persian oak (Quercus brantii). In recent years, the decline of oak have been attracted attentions of many researchers all over the world. During the last few years, several reports of oak’sdecline has been recorded from Iran. Both biotic and abiotic agents are responsible for oak’s decline.Among biotic agents, fungi are important causal agents causing oak’s decline. In order to isolate fungal species ,which are associated with oak’s decline, sampling from various parts of trees as well asrhizosphere at different regions of Ilam province was conducted during 2014 and 2015. In total, 312 individual fungal species were obtained that183, 50 and 79 ones were isolated from aerial parts, roots, and rhizosphere, respectively. Species identification were performed based on morphological and molecular characteristic (ITS regions of ribosomal DNA, LSU region of ribosomal DNA, Actin, and TEF1-α ). Finally, thirty four species, including: Acremonium alternatum, Alternaria atra, A. infectoria, A. consortialis, A. molorum, Bipolaris prieskaensis, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Chaetomium globosum,Curvularia spicifera, Cytospora ribis, Didymella glomerata, Epicoccum nigrum, Fusarium equiseti, F. oxysporum, F. redolens, F. solani, F. tricinctum, Trichocladium griseum, Immersidiscosia eucalypti, Kalmusia variispora, Microsphaeropsis olivacea, Mortierella alpine, Neoscytalidium dimidiatum, Neosetophoma samarorum, Obolarina persica , Paecilomyces Formosa, Petriella sordida, Pleospora halimoines, Sordaria fimicola, Seimatosporium pezizoides, Trichoderma harzianum, T. longibrachiatum, Trichothecium roseum, Truncatella angustata, were identified. Taxa, including Deniquelata sp., I.eucalypti, N. samarorum, P. sordida, P. halimione, and Seimatosporium pezizoides are the first report for Mycobiota of Iran. Pathogenicity test of B. mediterranea, D. glomerata, I. eucalypti, Neoscytalidiumdimidiatum, O. persica, S. pezizoides, and T. angustata were applied on Persian oak seedling in greenhouse conditions that D. glomerata, I. eucalypt, N. dimidiatum, S. pezizoides, T. angustata are the first pathogens proven on oak for the world.
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