|
:
|
Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused by various species of Fusarium particularly Fusarium graminearum, is one of the destructive diseases of wheat especially in northern parts of Iran. In the present project, 68 elite wheat genotypes of Iran in 2015 including 20 bread wheat lines of the north warm and humid climate (ERWYT-N-94), 28 bread wheat lines of the south warm and dry climate (ERWYT-S-94), and 20 durum wheat lines of the warm climate (ERDYT-W-94) were tested for resistance to FHB in two growing years of 2015-16 and 2016-17 under field conditions in Gorgan and Moghan, Iran. Determination of the reaction of the genotypes to the disease in the greenhouse (Karaj) was also included in the project work plan as well. Due to some technical problems in the experimental nurseries of Gorgan during the growing season of 1394-1395, and also in the greenhouse, the reaction of the materials and their selection were carried out based on the data of three environments. Combined analysis of field data of disease incidence, severity, and index for each group of genotypes showed significant differences between the wheat genotypes of each group. Evaluation of reaction of ERWYT-N-94 genotypes showed that three genotypes including N-94-1 (Morvarid), N-94-15 and N-94-16 had lower disease incidence, severity, and index compared to other genotypes, indicating higher disease resistance to FHB. Among ERWYT-S-94 genotypes, the line S-94-3 had lower rates for all three traits, and the lines of S-94-15, and S-94-21 for disease incidence and index. Finally, from ERDYT-W-94 genotypes, the wheat line DW-94-18 had lower rates for all traits and the three lines of DW-94-4, DW-94-13, and DW-94-17 for disease incidence and index. According to the results of this study, six lines of N-94-4, N-94-9, N-94-15, N-94-16, N-94-17, and N-94-18 from ERWYT-N-94, three line of S-94-3, S-94-15, and S-94-21 from ERWYT-N-94, and four lines of DW-94-4, DW-94-13, DW-94-17, and DW-94-18 from ERDYT-W-94 may be suggested as alternatives for the susceptible wheat cultivars grown in the relevant climates, due to lower disease index compared to other genotypes.Keywords: Wheat, elite, Fusarium head blight, Fusarium graminearum, resistance
|